Table 2. LOD level and modeling contents by design stages

Design stage	LOD	BIL	Fundamental details and usages of a BIM model	Specific details and usages of a LIM model
Pre-design	100	10	• The model element may be graphically represented with a symbol or other generic representation, but are not geometric representations. • Any information derived from LOD 100 elements must be considered approximate.	• The terrain, main buildings, underground structures and surroundings are modeled in mass forms. • Pavement elements are mapped directly on the terrain as land cover types.
Schematic design (Criteria design)	200	20	• The model element is graphically represented as a generic system, object, or assembly in terms of approximate quantities, size, shape, location, and orientation. The existence and forms of spaces and objects (pillars, walls, slabs, roofs, stairs, slopes, etc.) are modeled. • Any information derived from LOD 200 elements must be considered approximate for analysis, cost estimating and scheduling.	• The terrain is modeled based on conceptual levels. • Pavement elements are modeled on the terrain as generic objects with a single representative material. • Staircases, slopes, and retaining walls are modeled in approximate in the quantities, shape, size, location, and orientation.
Design development (Detailed design)	300	30	• The model element is graphically represented as a specific system, object or assembly of quantity, size, shape, location, and orientation. • The quantity, size, shape, location, and orientation of the element as designed can be measured directly from the model. • The project origin is defined and the element is located accurately with respect to the project origin. • The model can be used for construction, analysis, cost estimating and scheduling.	• The terrain is modeled based on precise levels and the project origin. • Pavement elements are modeled on the terrain as compound objects with the layers of materials. The overall thickness and the detail materials are included. Non-graphic information is attached to the element including functional data such as biotope area ratio. • Staircases, slopes, curbs, planters and retaining walls are modeled precisely in the shape, size and location.
Construction documentation	400	40	• The model element is modeled at sufficient detail for fabrication. • The quantity, size, shape, location, and orientation of the element as designed can be measured directly from the model.	• Pavements, staircases, slopes, curbs, cast-in place planters and retaining walls are modeled for fabrication.
Construction	500	50	• The model element is a field verified representation in terms of size, shape, location, quantity, and orientation. Non-graphic information may also be attached to the model elements.	• The model includes information on construction, procurement, costs, maintenance, etc.