Table 3 Categorization of the problems and assignment of landscape agreements derived from previous studies

Researcher fellow	Problem and assignment	Regional selection		System				Participant group
		Resident awareness	Practical applicability	Effectiveness of administrative means	Securing budget	Maintenance	Public relations	Expert support	Dedicated support organization	Resident participa-tion	Resident participation communication methods
Park et al. (2010)	Failure to provide legal support for sanctions in violation of the agreement			O
	The complexity and rigor of administrative procedures			O
Kim et al. (2010)	The role of an expert in understanding regional characteristics in the guidance phase of the landscape agreement and knowing about the agreement							O
	The role of experts for mainting the participant relationship							O
	Various communication methods for inducing residents’ participation										O
	Residents’ budget burden				O
	Continuous management of administrative and experts after completion of the project					O
Kim (2010)	Activeness and support of administrative, representatives of residents, and experts									O
	Promote the media for the improvement of resident participation						O
Ko et al. (2016)	Use of proper communication techniques to enhance the capacity of the residents										O
	Adequate role of experts in the process of agreement							O
	Intermediate support organization or pool of experts to enhance the capacity of the residents								O
Pyon (2010)	Enough explanation and education about landscape agreement	O
	Expert participation from the pre-preparation stage							O
	Budget for expert support				O
	Landscape agreement specialized institution								O
	Incentives and sanctions			O
Lee et al. (2011)	Maintenance after projects					O
	Resident participation decision making organization										O
	Regulation and various incentive measures in case of violation			O
	Forming and supporting advisory groups of experts and dispatched officials								O
	Assignment of landscape agreement support manager to the landscape department								O
Park et al. (2015)	Practical applicability, concrete and circumstances		O
	Cooperation with steering committee and local governments									O
	Priority propulsion of resident awareness education	O
	Continuous expert and participant interest									O
Lee (2016)	Sufficient public relations and education for landscape agreements	O
	Supporting to committees or public space landscape improvement projects that are willing to conclude landscape agreements	O
Lee and Shim (2017)	Conflicts caused by the inclusion of public projects in the landscape agreement		O
	Lacks consensus formation between resident because project is completed within one year	O
	Indifference and lack of management after completion of public projects					O
	Public relations of landscape agreement system						O
	Initial expenses and expert support to prepare for the agreement				O
	Monitoring system					O
	Voluntary resources for residents				O