Table 3. Selection of socioeconomic status(SES) variables

Variable	Researcher	Frequency	Data collection	Net / reserve	Selected
Population density	Ryu et al.(2002), Wolch et al.(2002), Lee et al.(2005), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Jung and Lee(2008), Lee and Lee(2010), Seo and Jun(2011), Kim(2015a), Schule et al.(2017)	9	○	+/−
Elderly proportion	Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Seo and Jun(2011), Kim(2015a)	4	○	−
Earning	Wolch et al.(2002), Cutter et al.(2003), Lee et al.(2005), Giles-Corti et al.(2005), Heynen et al.(2006), Taylor et al.(2007), Barbosa et al.(2007), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Crawford et al.(2008), Lim et al.(2009), Cohen et al.(2012), Bae and Kim(2013), Carter and Horwitz(2014), Moon and Ban(2015), Engelberg et al.(2016)	15		+
Rentership	Talen(1998), Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Heynen et al.(2006), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Carter and Horwitz(2014)	6		−
Non-anglo proportion	Talen(1998), Wolch et al.(2002), Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Lee et al.(2005), Heynen et al.(2006), Taylor et al.(2007), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Dai(2011), Engelberg et al.(2016), Schule et al.(2017)	11		−
Housing value	Talen(1998), Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Comber et al.(2008), Lim et al.(2009), Dai(2011), Seo and Jun(2011), Li and Liu(2016)	9	○	+	○
Single-parent ratio	Talen(1998), Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Dai(2011)	5	○	−	○
Children ratio	Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Lim et al.(2009), Seo and Jun(2011), Kim(2015a)	5	○	+/−
Low-income ratio	Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Lim et al.(2009), Dai(2011), Seo and Jun(2011), Weiss et al.(2011), Kim(2015a)	6	○	+	○
Car ownership	Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Giles-Corti et al.(2005), Lim et al.(2009), Dai(2011)	4		+
Green area	Heynen et al.(2006), Jung and Lee(2008), Lim et al.(2009), Lee and Lee(2010), Weiss et al.(2011)	5	○	+	○
Length of residence	Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Lim et al.(2009), Li and Liu(2016)	3		+
Economically active population	Comber et al.(2008)	1		+
Women population	Cutter et al.(2003), Seo and Jun(2011), Jim and Shan(2013)	3	○	−
Unemployment rate	Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Giles-Corti et al.(2005), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Dai(2011), Schule et al.(2017)	6		−
Land price	Bae and Kim(2013), Moon and Ban(2015), Kim(2015a)	3	○	+
Academic background	Cutter et al.(2003), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2004), Giles-Corti et al.(2005), Smoyer-Tomic et al.(2007), Taylor et al.(2007), Jim and Shan(2013), Carter and Horwitz(2014), Li and Liu(2016), Schule et al.(2017)	9		+
Professional rate	Cutter et al.(2003), Dai(2011), Li and Liu(2016), Schule et al.(2017)	4		+
Infrastructure	Talen(1998), Cutter et al.(2003), Coen and Ross(2006)	3	○	+