Table 2. Causes of litigation by construction stage

Construction implementation phase The cause of a lawsuit
Planning Plan, decision and permission ․Related law violations
․Business approval problem
․No prior investigation
․Administrative error
․Design missing/omitted
․Design missing/omitted
Compensation and contract ․Irrational insurance relationship
․Irrational land purchase and sale
․Insufficient funding ability
․Suspension, neglect, cancellation of contract
․Unfair bidding and bidding relationship
․Unreasonable contract guarantee
Construction Construction expesnses ․Lack of construction cost and payment
․Other construction amount related
Construction period ․Construction delay
․Lack of construction period
Illegal act ․Corruption
․Economic crime
Design․budget change ․Design change
․Design missing/omitted
․Indeterminate design range
․Errors in selecting materials and construction methods
․Budget change
Obstruction and negligence ․Business interruption
․Accidents
․Material/equipment loss and damage
․Environmental damage
Materials and subcontracts ․Unreasonable construction and subcontracting relationship
․Availability of materials/ people/ equipment
Landscaping business operation ․Tax related
․License loan
․Other landscaping related
Management Operation management ․Buying and selling of buildings/land to others
․Management of budget, etc.
․Other operations management
Usage management ․Crime and safety accidents
․Other usage management
Maintenance ․Improper maintenance
․Defect generation
․Safety anxiety
․Facility management
․Other maintenance