| Division | Design and management direction | Related technical and service cases(source) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Green area | Design and management direction of green area | The green area is a space for planting in the park and includes the planting base such as soil and irrigation facilities The main purpose of designing and managing green areas using smart technology is to support the healthy and sustainable growth of trees and ground cover plants through systematic management. Planting, soil and irrigation facilities, etc. Accurately diagnose health conditions and streamline food management Prepare measures to reduce energy consumption and operation, maintenance and repair costs that can occur when creating green areas | ||
| Planting | Grass planing | Using technology that can automatically manage lawns Reduction of energy consumption and operation and maintenance costs that can occur during turf maintenance and management Minimize pollution by using cut grass as compost | Automatic lawn mowers( | |
| Landscaping planting | Use of technology to encourage healthy growth of food ingredients Efficiently monitor the health status and needs of the overall planting through methods such as near-infrared photographing to visualize plant photosynthesis | Monitoring the Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn, New York ( Tree vitality meter ( | ||
| Planting base (soil) | Irrigation monitoring | Adjust the water supply cycle and optimize the water supply pattern by attaching sensors to the park's existing water pipes and pump Collect comprehensive data such as season, soil moisture, microclimate and vegetation information at various intervals Efficient irrigation is possible based on the collected data Irrigation is systematically managed and monitored to identify the age of irrigation and replacement time | Smart irrigation ( Smart water meter, Los Angeles ( Smart irrigation system ( | |
| Underground irrigation | Different locations of underground irrigation to provide optimal water supply depending on the type of planting and root depth Drip irrigation method can save water by spraying directly on planting roots Data is collected and managed remotely through the wireless network of sensors installed throughout the park Underground drip irrigation realizes more uniform water distribution and reduces the possibility of evaporation and spillage | SDI (Subsurface drip irrigation), Santafe(New Mexico) ( | ||
| Soil sensor | Implement appropriate measures for tree growth, such as conducting soil inspection through soil sensors According to the soil evaluation items of the landscaping design criteria, the acidity, salinity, water quality and water level of soil suitable for soil planting are measured and managed, and the health of plantings is monitored | Hyde Park, ICRI (Intel Collaborative Research Institute), London ( | ||
| Hydroponic facilities area | Design and management direction of hydroponic facilities area | Hydroponic facilities connect facilities and related design elements into one system for effective water production and management The main purpose of designing and managing hydroponic facilities is to manage rainwater, irrigation, and hydroponic facilities in an eco-friendly manner Continuous supply of water must be possible to produce waterscape at all times, and water quality is managed through excellent management and water purification facilities Use facilities that can collect long-term water volume and water quality sample data Use geographic information to identify watersheds, identify patterns of rainfall runoff, prepare for disasters such as floods, and use water efficiently | ||
| Water supply and grainage facilities | Efficient response to variable climate and surrounding land use Effective monitoring of rainwater storage, filtration and management based on long-term rainfall data and water quality sample data | Smart City Barcelona Initiative( Bracing for Stormwater, Lenexa, Kansas( | ||
| Pond | Motion detection sensor | Prevents safety accidents by sending notifications to managers and rescuers when sudden changes in motion patterns are detected through motion sensors | - | |
| Rainwater management monitoring | By introducing a real-time control system such as sensors to the rainwater management infrastructure, the inflow and outflow of water can be automatically performed according to changes in the surrounding environment Can improve rainwater flow management and storage functions and improve water quality through real-time control. | Smart water meter, Los Angeles ( Water spot ( | ||
| Street and square area | Design and management direction of street and sauare area | Systematically monitor parks and manage park facilities through innovative facilities and materials Consider using new and modified materials Use of various materials to alleviate environmental problems in the park such as rain penetration Introduction of wireless communication technologies such as Wi-Fi and IoT into pavements and facilities to collect information and monitor park users in real time Encourage active interaction between park users and managers by introducing Responsive Furniture | ||
| Walking space | Pavement | Utilization of night light-emitting packaging materials according to pedestrian use behavior and need for night lighting Improve accessibility, visibility, and safety, and reduce electricity usage and maintenance and repair costs | Pervious pavement, Santa Barbara, California( Smart bike park ( | |
| Streetlight and bollard | Light pollution is minimized by limiting the time to turn on only when necessary using a sensor that can detect user motion Conserve energy by automatically adjusting the brightness when necessary by connecting the lighting and IoT By adjusting the direction of the lighting protection device according to the angle of the light source, light pollution caused by lighting is minimized Consider the characteristics of facilities installed at regular intervals and use sensors to identify pedestrian and bicycle traffic | Smart Street Lights ,Barcelona ( Automatic Eco Counter for bicycles, wisconsin( LED security light with sensor (Goyang Smart City) Smart city park light ( Automatic dimming when detecting pedestrians (Sejong Smart City) | ||
| Smart transportation system | Installation of transportation means such as smart shuttle bus for pedestrian convenience Provide convenient functions such as real-time location provision, reservation, payment, etc. through card or smartphone application with IoT technology | Black Forest National Park, Germany ( | ||
| Smart shuttle bus | The shuttle bus in the park is operated unmanned to facilitate movement in the park Apply various smart technologies and artificial intelligence technologies such as sensors, cameras, lasers, and automatic driving technologies The energy required for shuttle bus operation can be produced through solar panels, etc | GATEway, London (GATEway) Automatic pedestrian recognition signal ( Smart pedestrian detector ( | ||
| Square | Media facade | Digital signs are installed in frequently used spaces to deliver various information in real time Securing profitability by promoting information such as corporate advertisements and local community services and events | Soofa Sign, Boston (Loukaitou-Sideris Media board and disaster notification board ( | |
| Pavement | Use materials that can generate electric energy when visitors walk in frequently used spaces and identify the number of pedestrians passing through the pavement When using materials, the aesthetic elements of the park must be considered and actively used in interactive spaces that encourage visitors' physical activity | Paris Marathon generated electricity from runners‘ footsteps, Paris ( Solar-powered Ferris wheel in Pacific Park, Santa Monica( | ||
| Design lighting | Using materials that can emit light by minimizing energy consumption such as LEDs and optical fibers Programming makes it easy to change lighting and artistic representation to create a variety of spaces | Programmable LEDs in Port Santa Monica, Rosa Parks Circle, Michigan, Aaerial sculpture in Civic Space Park in Phoenix, Arizona ( | ||
| Landscape facility area | Design and management direction of landscape facility area | Dataize visitor usage patterns and use them as a tool for managers to understand facility status Install sensors and video cameras in landscaping facilities to collect data on infrastructure utilization and assess the health of the infrastructure Administrators streamline the maintenance and repair of facilities in parks based on accurate data collected Location and management of facilities efficiently by identifying the location of facilities and lights and the degree of use of space by users through geographical information The energy required for the smooth functioning of landscaping facilities is self-generated through solar panels | ||
| Rest facility | Samrt bench | Introduce benches that use sensors and Wi-Fi features to identify user bench usage patterns Supply necessary power by using eco-friendly energy generators such as solar power | Smart play bench ( Solar bench ( | |
| Trash bin | Using the sensor attached to the inside, it is possible to grasp the timing of maintenance Identify waste volume so that waste can be collected immediately and optimise waste collection path | Smart trash bin ( | ||
| Material | Using materials that can reduce bacteria on the surface of facilities Maximize sterilization and reduce maintenance costs by applying these materials to places where multiple users need frequent cleaning | Photocatalytic titanium dioxide coating (TiO2), Brune ( | ||
| Awning structure | Using solar panels as shading structures Efficiently produce solar energy using sensors and motors | The Sunflower Umbrella, ShadeCraft ( Solar panel umbrellas, Los Angeles ( | ||
| Drinking fountain | Continuous water quality monitoring through sunlight, filters, sensors, etc. Provides a warning to the manager when maintenance and repair timing and risk are found through sensors | The smart fountain in Brooklyn Bridge Park, New York, Water Fountain Quality Assurance, Washington, D.C. ( | ||
| Outdoor facility | Information sign facility | Disaster and disaster information is communicated and promoted to park users through digital signs Wi-Fi enables fast, remote update of sign information | A digital sign at a transit station, Utah( Media board, disaster notification board and samrt notification board ( | |
| Amenities | Toilet | Sensors identify the use of toilets and provide them to users in a visible manner, and inform the manager of any abnormalities in toilets Reduce toilet congestion and promote efficient maintenance | Hollywood Bowl, Los Angeles ( | |
| Smart parking | Streamline parking fee settlement and parking management by combining sensors in the parking lot and digital identification tag information in the car | Smart parking Project, Pisa ( Smart parking lot ( | ||
| Landscape structure | Small building structure | Automatically update educational programs and play structures according to user needs Create a space where you can interact with smartphone applications Interactive facilities collect user data and provide various information such as frequency of use of facilities to managers, and use them as educational and experience spaces through various uses and functions | Yalp Interactive Sona Dance Arch and Sutu ball wall, Yalp Interactive ( Open platform, aquatic experience zone, and underground garden ( | |
| Amusement facilities | Introduction of amusement facilities that are similar in structure to existing play structures, but can collect user data and are connected to the Internet for remote management Promote interaction with children virtually through an integrated system with buttons, sensors, lights, sounds, colors and photos | Yalp Interactive’s Sona Dance Arch, Yalp Interactive( Smart play bench ( | ||
| Landscape facility area | Landscape structure | Sports and fitness facility | Introduction of kinetic equipment that produces energy through generators, etc The generated electricity can supply power to lighting in less time by users through the connected power grid, and can be used to charge users' mobile phones | Energy-generating exercise equipment, The Great Outdoor Gym Co., The Peckham Rye Green Legacy Gym in London, London( |
| Park design method | User-oriented design | Based on the big data analysis of park users' traffic and park use behavior measured in the park, the park facility is introduced and the park design is drawn up | - | |
| Construct data platform | Improve the management and operation capabilities of the park by establishing a data server that standardizes and processes the collected data in the park. Real-time update of information on park management and operation to park users Induce development and use of various applications by sharing park-related information with citizens through a data platform | - | ||
| Induce residents to participate | Free Wi-Fi in the park is installed to encourage residents to participate through wireless internet Activate the community through park applications and build social entertainment functions Systematization so that the experience and feedback of park users can be easily collected through the application | Smart City 1st Avenue( VR-based urban simulation Augmented Administration ( | ||
| Create phased | Evaluate parks in the areas of Degree of IoT adoption and Degree of systems integration, and make the park system progressively meet both sectors | A system of flexible wall panels ( | ||