Country | Legal status | Starting time | Total Number (as of 2022) | Size | Land owner | Budget source | Special characteristics |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Japan | Act for Urban Parks | 1976 | 12(Yiho Park) 5(Roho Park) | - 300ha ↑ Varies | Local Government | Central Government (Partially local government matching for maintenance) | Ministry of building and construction taking in charge Various themes, locations, spatial characteristics |
Sweden | National Urban Park Act Under Environmental Code | 1995 | 1 | About 27km2 | Mostly Central Government | Local Government (Partially central government matching for maintenance) | Non-governmental organizations initiating national urban park movement Natural and cultural heritage conservation oriented |
Finland | Land Use and Building Act | 2000 | 10 | Varies (largest: about 20km2) | Mostly Local Government | Local Government (Partially central government matching for designation) | Ministry of environment highly engaging to the process Sustainable urban development concept Various locations, spatial characteristics |
Canada | Rouge National Urban Park Act | 2015 | 1 | About 49km2 | Central Government | Central Government (Ministry of environment) | Ministry of environment taking in charge of management plan every 10 years Similar concept as national park |
USA | Land and Water Conservation Fund | 1964 | -Many | Varies | Local Government | 50% Central Government (50% State and local government matching for creation and maintenance) | Size of urban park not an issue Equitable development concept |
Germany | - (Garden Show) | 1951 | 35 (Hosting City) | Varies | Local Government | Central Government (Partially local government matching for creation and maintenance) | DBG taking in charge Garden show as a tool for urban development and regeneration |