| Heavy metal pollution | Planting native plant | Phytostabilization: Plant roots reduce the soil’s infiltration, migration, and diffusion of heavy metals. |
| Phytovolatilization: Plants convert the absorbed pollutants into gaseous substances and then release them into the atmosphere. |
| Phytoextraction: Plants absorb metal ions from the environment and transport them to the above-ground parts of the plant body. |
| Organic pollution | Planting native plant | Plants can directly absorb organic pollutants. The organic pollutants are converted into harmless metabolites stored in the plant or converted to H20 and CO2 for volatilization. |
| Microbial degradation | Organic type pollution is degraded and transformed by microorganisms. But the operation is difficult and requires skill. |
| Integrated plant and microbial management | The organic type pollution is absorbed and degraded by the plant root system and microbial community working together. It is practical and operable. |
| Barren soil | Increase fertility | Add bio-fertilizers such as dead grass and leaves, animal manure and silt to gradually restore soil fertility by combining the plant growth process to form humus. |