Table 4 Importance of placeness elements by visitors

Category Mean S.D.
Physical Envir. Curved stone wall 3.88 .982
Tree-lined street 3.95 .920
Modern cultural heritage 3.81 .956
Art gallery 3.87 .849
Cafe & restaurant 2.95 1.009
Car-free streets 3.55 1.151
Activities Walking in the urban center 4.01 .947
Watching a outdoor performance 3.35 .987
Exploration of history and culture 3.52 1.032
Participation in festival events 2.66 .998
Join flea market 2.82 1.070
Watch the changing of the guards ceremony 3.18 1.118
Meaning History of the Korean empire government 3.37 1.051
A place of love & romance 3.57 1.010
Breakup street 2.95 1.159
Link to the stone wall for 130 years 3.47 1.071
Typical gathering place 3.18 1.042