Table 5. Program running method by public-private collaboration types (for 2017 program)

Types of public-private collaboration Role Cases
Regular participation Volunteer · Support for overall program operation (guide visitors, check reservations, etc.) · Program support: Boramae Park
· Guide visitors: North Seoul Dream Forest, Seoul Changpowon, Gyeongchun Line Forest Park, World Cup Park
Participation in specific programs Seoul Metropolitan Government led · Seoul Metropolitan Government: planning and operation · Boramae Park: ecological monitoring
· Namsan Park: information for foreigners in the Palgak Square / play support at the toddler forest experience center / beekeeping in the city / bird monitoring in Namsan Park
· Yeouido Park: operation of floating island space rental service, support for ecological learning program
· Individuals, community organizations, and civic groups: volunteer · Seonyudo Park: visit program support
· Green arboretum: forest commentary program support
· Gyeongui Line Forest Park : support for folk tales and traditional games
· Volunteer activities of photographers in all parks
Public-private partnership Collborative planning + private operation + Metropolitan Government’s budget · Seoul Metropolitan Government: support for places, public relations, budgets, etc. · Boramae Park: Children’s Landscape School
· Yangjae Citizen’s Forest: Forest Commentary Programs
· NPO : organizing and conducting lecturers · Gildong Ecological Park: various ecological programs and ecological monitoring
Collborative planning + private operation + Seoul Metropolitan Government’s budget + private budget · Seoul Metropolitan Government: support for spaces, promotion and some budgets · Boramae Park: exciting Playground
· Boramae Park and Gildong Ecological Park: forest rope play
· Civic groups and local residents’ organizations: sharing budget, organizing and conducting lecturers · Yangjae Citizen’s Forest: park’s day
· Gyeongui Line Forest Park: culture campaign