Table 2. Participation restriction questionnaire items selected through prior research and interviews

Number Questionnaire
Q1-Q4 Characteristics of the sample
Q5-Q6 Intention to participate in urban farming and hydroponic cultivation (pre-awareness)
a1 Lack of free times to participate (in urban farming utilizing hydroponics) A. Internal Personal participation constraints
a2 Lack of interest in participating
a3 Lack of basic information (space, schedule)
b1 Lack of accompanying participants to join activities B. Interpersonal
b2 Personal issues (time, financial, lack of interest, etc.) of accompanying participants to join together
b3 Unwillingness to participate together with accompanying participants
c1 Difficulty participating in urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics due to transportation inconvenience C. Structural participation constraints
c2 Lack of facilities for urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics
c3 Insufficient programs for urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics (various events, festivals, etc.)
p1 Want to participate in urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics P. Willingness to participate
p2 Desire to participate in urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics
p3 Intend of participating in urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics to experience memories
p4 I intend to visit urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics
ep1 I will willingly invest time in urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics Ep. Expected behavior
ep2 I will make an effort to participate continuously (once a week) in urban farming activities utilizing hydroponics