Pinus densiflora community (I) | Pinus densiflora is dominant | Quercus mongolica and Quercus serrata is dominant | Pinus densiflora 60 years | Pinus densiflora community is estimated to maintain its population for a while, Quercus mongolica’s succession in Pinus densiflora community and Quercus serrata’s succession to Quercus spp. community is estimated |
Quercus mongolica community (II) | Quercus mongolica is dominant, Part of Pinus densiflora appears | Prunus sargentii, Robinia pseudoacacia, Lindera obtusiloba is dominant | Quercus mongolica 47 years, Pinus densiflora 47 years | Quercus mongolica is estimated to maintain its population |
Quercus serrata-Quercus mongolica community (III) | Quercus serrata is dominant, part of Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora appears | Acer pseudosieboldianum, Quercus serrata, Prunus sargentii is dominant | Quercus serrata 54 years, Pinus densiflora 78 years, Quercus serrata 53 years | Quercus serrata community is estimated to maintain its population, Quercus serrata, Quercus mongolica is estimated to be mixed in Quercus community |
Betula schmidtii community (IV) | Betula schmidtii is dominant | Sorbus alnifolia, Quercus serrata, Betula schmidtii is dominant, | Betula schmidtii 40 years | Betula schmidtii community is estimated to maintain its population |
Quercus acutissima - Robinia pseudoacacia community (V) | Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia is dominant | Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus mongolica, Prunus sargenti is dominant | Robinia pseudoacacia 37 years | Quercus acutissima - Robinia pseudoacacia community is estimated to maintain its population and changed as Quercus community in the long period |
Pinus koraiensis community (VI) | Pinus koraiensis is dominant | Pinus koraiensis, Prunus sargenti, Robinia pseudoacacia is dominant | Pinus koraiensis 52 years | Pinus koraiensis is estimated to maintain its population |
Ecological succession | It was estimated thae the Pinus densiflora will be change to Quercus spp. gradually in temperate region. |