Table 9. Analysis results of images in grayscale
| Contents | Top 1 / Top3 / Top5 (Numbers) | Top 1 / Top3 / Top5 Accuracy(%) |
| Pixel(224 × 224) | Pixel(448 × 448) | Pixel(224 × 224) | Pixel(448 × 448) |
| VGG-16 | VGG-16_90° | 61 / 108 /144 | 127 / 193 / 229 | 11 / 19 / 26 | 23 / 34 / 41 |
| VGG-16_180° | 100 / 182 / 237 | 173 / 370 / 404 | 18 / 33 / 43 | 31 / 67 / 73 |
| VGG-16_270° | 32 / 102 / 133 | 125 / 212 / 240 | 6 / 18 / 24 | 22 / 38 / 43 |
| All | 193 / 392 / 514 | 425 / 775 / 873 | 12 / 24 /31 | 25 / 47 / 53 |
| ResNet50 | ResNet50_90° | 35 / 87 / 118 | 137 / 219 / 262 | 6/ 15 / 21 | 25 / 40 / 47 |
| ResNet50_180° | 29 / 67 / 83 | 124 / 217 / 250 | 5 / 12 / 15 | 22/ 39 / 45 |
| ResNet50_270° | 31 / 68 / 98 | 94 / 200 / 256 | 6/ 12 / 18 | 17 / 36 / 46 |
| All | 95 / 222 / 299 | 355 / 636 / 768 | 6 / 13 / 18 | 21 / 38 / 46 |
a: A total of 556 images are the target of the comparative experiment
b: “All” means images’s sum and average value of each pixel results