Table 8. Intervening conditions of trail running practice and rural engagement

Concepts Sub-category Category
Positive memories of trail running, recollections of participation in regional events, kindness of local residents, local food at the event venue, memories of tourist attractions Emotion Practical factors
Volcanic cones and coastal paths, sounds of birds in the forest, immersion in breathing and physical activity Sensation
Sense of accomplishment from self-directed running distances, completing the trail running event, incorporation into daily routines, weight maintenance, increased confidence Achievement
Encouragement from friends, motivation from running community members, promotion through social media and mass media Emotional needs Tourism needs
Empathy for environmental community philosophies, sharing of expertise and values, formation of participant identity Social needs
Experiences of collaboration with village organisations, trust in event management structures, satisfaction and sense of belonging from stable event operation Structural needs
Changes in weather conditions, long-distance travel, locations outside the metropolitan area, pphysical limitations due to high-intensity exercise, infection, hypothermia Physical risks Risk perception
Self-consciousness under other gaze, feelings of intimidation due to lack of skill, concerns about eligibility Psychological risks