Table 2. Characteristics of Hibiscus cultivars with international Intellectual Property Rights (2001-2024)

Kinds of cultivar Flower type Criteria of selection Breeding method Landscape usesz
‘AartDevil1’ Single flower with red crimson color Flowers, tree form Open pollination 4), 1)
‘Aarticus’ Semi-double to double flower with pink-lavender color Variegated foliage, flowers Seedling selection 4), 3), 1)
‘Admiral Dewey’ Double flower with pure white color Flowers Unknown 2), 3)
‘Albus Plenus’ Double flower with snow-white color Flowers Seedling 1), 2), 6)
‘Amaranthus’ Fully double, wine-purple Flowers Unknown 3), 1)
‘America Irene Scott’ Double flower with bubblegum pink color Flowers, variegated foliage, sterile Seedling selection 1), 4), 5)
‘Amplissimus’ Double flower with purplish-red color Flowers 1), 5)
‘Antong Two’ Single flower with medium pink color Tree form, blooming Grafting mutation 5), 4)
‘Aphrodite’ Single to semi-double flower with ruffled pink color Flowers, vigorous, disease resistance Triploid seedling 2), 1), 6), 8)
‘Ardens’ Double flower with lavender-purple color Flowers Seedling selection 1), 7)
‘Blue Bird(‘Oiseus Bleu’)’ Single flower with violet-blue color Flowers 2), 3), 8) 1)
‘Boule de Feu’ Double flower with magenta-red color Flowers, vigorous 3), 2), 1)
‘Bricutts’ Double flower with lavender-pink color Flowers Unknown 3), 4), 1)
‘Britreize’ Single flower with white color Flowers 3), 2), 1)
‘Carneus Plenus’ Double flower with soft pink color Flowers Historical cultivar 7), 1)
‘Carpa’ Semi-double flower with purple color Variegated foliage, flowers Seedling selection 3), 4), 2), 8)
‘Celestial Blue’ Single flower with blue violet color Flowers Unknown 3), 2), 1)
‘Coelestis’ Singleflower with pale violet color Flowers, pollinator Seedling selection 5), 2), 8)
‘Coeruleus Plenus’ Doubleflower with violet blue color Flowers 3), 2),
‘Comte de Flandre’ Single flower with burgundy‑magenta color Flowers, pollinator 1), 8), 2), 3)
‘Comte de Hainaut’ Double flower with white color Flowers 2), 3)
‘Diana’ Single flower with pure white color Flowers, sterile(triploid) Triploid seedling 1), 8), 2), 5)
‘Dorothy Crane’ Single flower with white color Flowers, blooming Seedling selection 3), 4), 5), 2)
‘DS01BS’ Double flower with violet-to blue-purple color Flowers, tree form, sterile Open pollination 2), 5), 3), 4), 9)
‘DS03RS’ Double flower with raspberry-/fuchsia- pink color Flowers, tree form, sterile 2), 7), 8), 1)
‘DS04PS’ Double flower with bi-coloured soft-pink & deeper rose-red color Flowers, tree form, sterile 2), 5), 1), 9)
‘Duc de Brabant’ Double flower with reddish-pink to purple-red color Flowers Seedling selection 2), 8), 1), 7), 3)
‘DVPazurri’ Single flower with violet-blue color Flowers, sterile, blooming Crossing 3), 1), 4)
‘Elegantissimus’ Double flower with pink-lavender color Flowers Seedling selection 7), 3)
‘Eléonore’ Single flower with white color Vigorous, flowers Crossing 1), 3), 2)
‘Flogi’ Single flower with pink color Flowers, vigorous, blooming Seedling selection 1), 2), 3), 4)
‘Floru’ Single flower with violet-pink color Flowers, tree form, foliage 2), 1), 10)
‘Freedom’ Double flower with pink color Vigorous, blooming Open pollination 1), 3),
‘Gandini Santiago’ Semi-double flower with purple-pink color Tree form, flowers, tolerance, blooming Seedling selection 4), 1), l0), 2), 1), 3)
‘Gandini van Aart’ Semi-double flower with white color Flowers, tree form, blooming 3), 10), 2), 4)
‘Gandini van Aart Ruby’ Semi-double flower with dark pink–ruby color Flowers, tree form, blooming, pollinator 1), 10), 2), 4)
‘GFNHSRP’ Semi-double flower with deep pink color Tree form, blooming, pollinator, Sport mutation 1), 4), 10), 2), 8)
‘Hamabo’ Single flower with blush-pink color Tolerance, flowers, cold hardiness Species selection 11), 2), 3)
‘Helene’ Single flower with pure white color Flowers, tolerance Triploid selection 1), 5), 2), 6)
‘Hinomaru’ Single flower with white color Tree form Seedling selection 4), 5), 2), 11), 4)
‘ILVO347’ Single flower with orchid-pink color Sterile, flowers Seedless clone selection 2), 3), 4), 8)
‘ILVOPS’ Single flower with purple-lavender color Sterile, blooming, flowers 2), 3), 4), 8)
‘Jeanne d’Arc’ Double flower with pure white color Flowers Seedling selection 1), 2), 8)
‘Jodi’ Single flower with pure whit color Sterile, blooming Triploid sport 2), 3), 8), 1)
‘JWNWOOD4’ Semi-double flower with lavender-pink color Flowers Mutation 2), 1), 5)
‘La Veuve’ Semi-double to double flower with pale lavender-pink color Flowers Seedling selection 7), 8), 1)
‘Leopoldii’ Single to semi-double flower with pale pink color Flowers, hardy 2), 1), 3), 4), 6)
‘Luteus Plenus’ Doubleflower with soft yellow color Flowers 7), 3), 2)
‘Maike’ Semi-double flower with mauve-pink color Flowers, hardy 3), 2), 4), 6)
‘Marina’ Single flower with violet-blue color Flowers, sterile, vigorous 3), 1), 2), 8)
‘Mathilde’ Single flower with shell-pink color Tree form, vigorous, flowers 3), 4), 1), 11)
‘Mauve Queen’ Single flower with clear mauve color Pollinator, flowers 2), 3), 6)
‘Meehanii’ Single flower with mauve to purple color Flowers foliage Chance seedling 3), 4), 5)
‘Melrose’ Single flower with white color Flowers Seedling selection 2), 3)
‘Melwhite’ Single flower with white color Flowers, vigorous 9), 2)
‘MINDOUB1’ Double flower with white color Flowers, sterile, vigorous Crossing 1), 3), 4)
‘MINDOUR1’ Double flower with dark violet-red color Flowers, tree form, foliage, sterile 11), 1), 4)
‘MINDOUV5’ Double flower with violet-purple color Flowers, sterile 1), 3)
‘Minerva’ Single flower with lavender-pink color Blooming, sterile, Tree form, foliage 2), 1), 4)
‘Minfren’ Semi-double flower with pure white color Flowers, blooming, sterile 2), 3), 8)
‘MINGRAND’ Single flower with blue color Flowers, blooming, tree form Open pollination 3), 1), 4)
‘MINGRAVI4’ Semi-double flower with lavender color Flowers, blooming Seedling selection 1), 3), 2)
‘Minomb’ Single flower with white color Flowers 1), 5), 4)
‘Minpast’ Single flower with light-pink color Flowers, sterile Crossing 1), 3), 4).
‘Minrosa’ Single flower with rose-pink color Flowers, blooming Open pollination 2), 1), 4)
‘Minspot’ Semi-double flowers with white to soft-pink color Flowers, tree form, blooming Crossing 3), 4), 8)
‘MINSYBFCROU01’ Semi-double flowers with magenta color Flowers, tree form, vigorous Unknown 3), 4), 1)
‘MINSYBLE9’ Single flower with violet-blue color Flowers, tree form, foliage Crossing 3), 5), 4), 2), 1)
‘MINSYCBB2B’ Double flower with white color Flowers, vigorous 3), 1), 4)
‘Minsygdrou02’ Double flower with ruby-pink color Tree form, vigorous, easy-growing Unknown 3)
‘MINSYRE10’ Single flower with rose pink color Flowers, foliage, blooming 3), 4), 1)
‘MINSYROI5’ Semi-double flower with lavender-blue color Flowers, pollinator, tolerance, Seedling selection 4), 1), 2), 6)
‘MINSYRU3’ Single flower with violet-pink to lavender color Vigorous, flowers 1), 3), 4)
‘MINSYWHI07’ Single white with prominent pink Flowers, deer-resistant, easy-care 1), 8), 2)
‘Minultra’ Single flower with deep violet-blue color Flowers, hardy, blooming 2), 3), 4)
‘Monstrosus’ Single flower with pure white color Flowers 2), 1)
‘Notwood3’ Semi-double flower with blue-lavender color Flowers, tree form, vigorous, sterile Crossing 2), 9), 1), 4)
‘Notwoodone’ Single flower with lavender-lilac color Flowers 3), 9), 1), 4)
‘Notwoodtwo’ Semi-double flower with white color Blooming, sterile 2), 1), 3), 4)
‘ORSTHIB5X1’ Single flower with deep-pink color Tree form, sterile Pentaploid selection 9), 4), 1), 6)
‘Paeoniflorus’ Double flower with violet-pink color Flowers, tolerance Seedling selection 7), 3), 1), 5)
‘Pastelrose’ Semi-double or single flower with soft pastel pink color Flowers Unknown 3), 4), 7)
‘Puniceus Plenus’ Semi-double or double flower with deep red color Flowers Seedling selection 3), 2)
‘Purpureus Variegatus’ Double flower with deep purple color Variegated foliage 2), 6)
‘Red Heart’ Single flower with white color Flowers, easy-care, hardy 2), 1), 4), 6)
‘Reverend W. Smith’ Single flower with pure white color Flowers, easy to grow Open pollination 2), 1), 6), 8)
‘Roseus Plenus’ Double flower with rose-pink color Flowers, 3), 2), 7)
‘Rubis’ Single flower with dark pink to red color Flowers, vigorous 1), 2), 8)
‘Russian Violet’ Single flower with violet-purple color Flowers 10), 2), 1)
‘RWOODS5’ Semi-double flower with soft lavender color Tree form, flowers Crossing 4), 11), 5)
‘RWOODS6’ Single flower with bright pink color Tree form, flowers 4), 1), 10)
‘RWOODS8’ Semi-double flower with vibrant purple color Flowers Seedling selection 6), 7), 3), 4), 11)
‘RWOODS9’ Semi-double flower with purplish-red flower Flowers, blooming 3), 7), 6), 4), 11)
‘Samilhong’ Single flower with violet purple color Tree form, flowers, blooming Crossing 4), 10), 5), 1)
‘Sanchonyo’ Double to semi-double flower with light purple color Flowers Unknown 7), 8), 2)
‘SHIMCR1’ Single flower with pruplish red color Tree form, flowers Crossing 4), 10), 5), 1)
‘SHIMRR38’ Single flower with crimson purple color Tree form, flowers 4), 10), 5), 1)
‘SHIMRV24’ Single flower with violet purple color Tree form, flowers 4), 10), 5), 1)
‘Silver Moon’ Single to semi-double flower with pale lavender color Flowers 6), 2)
‘SMNHSPCL’ Semi-double flower with deep lavender-purple color Flowers, easy-care, blooming Seedling selection 1), 2), 3)
‘Snowdrift’ Double to semi-double flower with pure white color Flowers Open pollination 7), 11), 3)
‘Sour Angelica’ Double flower with soft pink color Flowers Crossing 4), 8), 10)
‘Souvenir de Charles Breton’ Single flower with lavender-blue color Flowers Seedling selection 6), 3)
‘Speciosus’ Semi-double flower with lavender color Flowers Open pollination 7), 3)
‘Stadt Erlenbach’ Single flower with deep pink to reddish color Flowers Crossing 6), 1)
‘Summer Festival’ Semi-double flower with bright pink color Flowers 1), 3), 5)
‘Summer Holiday’ Semi-double flower with soft pink to lavender color Flowers 6), 7)
‘Summer Night’ Semi-double flower with dark magenta to purplish-red color Flowers 11), 2), 5)
‘Summer Sunset’ Semi-double flower with apricot-pink color Flowers, blooming Crossing 6), 11), 3)
‘THEISSHSSTL’ Double flower with lavender-purple color Variegated foliage Branch mutation 2), 9), 1), 4)
‘Totus Albus’ Single flower with pure white color Flowers Seedling selection 7), 11), 1)
‘Ultramarine’ Single flower with intense blue-violet color Flowers Crossing 2), 11)
‘Van Gogh’ Double to semi-double flower with rich violet-purple color Flowers 11), 3), 2)
‘Verosa’ Double flower with white color Vigorous, flowers 1), 5), 4)
‘Violet Clair Double’ Double flower with light violet color Flowers 3), 11)
‘Whit XXI’ Double flower with soft pink color Sterile, tree form 2), 5), 4)
‘Woodbridge’ Single flower with rose-pink color Flowers Open pollination 1), 3), 7)
‘Woojeon’ Single flower with white color Tree form Crossing 1), 3), 9), 11)
Hibiscus hybrid ‘RESI Single flower with lavender- pink color Flowers, deer resistance, vigorous 2), 3), 9), 2), 11), 6)
H. hybrid ‘MINPAPAN1 semi-double flower with light purple color Variegated foliage, pollinator Unknown 2), 1), 8), 4)
H. hybrid ‘ROSINA Single flower with lavender-pink color Flowers 3), 4), 2)
H. hybrid ‘WALHIROSMO Semi-double flower with rosy pink color Flowers Crossing 4), 1), 7)
H. hybrid MINSYBV3S01 Single flower with bluish purple color Flowers 3), 1), 9), 2)
H. hybrid WALHIECLI Single flower with pink color Flowers, blooming 2), 3), 9), 2)
H. hybrid WALHIFLAR Single flower with white color Flowers, blooming 2), 3), 9), 2)
H. hybrid WALHIRHAP Single flower with purple color Flowers, blooming 2), 3), 9), 2)